用AI算法，实现动物园中各动物的摆放位置，保证动物之间互相安全。
Guidelines
This is a programming assignment. You will be provided sample inputs and
outputs (see below). Please understand that the goal of the samples is to
check that you can correctly parse the problem definitions, and generate a
correctly formatted output. The samples are very simple and it should not be
assumed that if your program works on the samples it will work on all test
cases. There will be more complex test cases and it is your task to make sure
that your program will work correctly on any valid input. You are encouraged
to try your own test cases to check how your program would behave in some
complex special case that you might think of. Since each homework is checked
via an automated A.I. script, your output should match the specified format
exactly. Failure to do so will most certainly cost some points. The output
format is simple and examples are provided. You should upload and test your
code on vocareum.com, and you will submit it there. You may use any of the
programming languages provided by vocareum.com.
Grading
Your code will be tested as follows: Your program should not require any
command-line argument. It should read a text file called “input.txt” in the
current directory that contains a problem definition. It should write a file
“output.txt” with your solution to the same current directory. Format for
input.txt and output.txt is specified below. End-of-line character is LF
(since vocareum is a Unix system and follows the Unix convention).
The grading A.I. script will, 50 times:
- Create an input.txt file, delete any old output.txt file.
- Run your code.
- Check correctness of your program’s output.txt file.
- If your outputs for all 50 test cases are correct, you get 100 points.
- If one or more test case fails, you get 50 - N points where N is the number of failed test cases.
Note that if your code does not compile, or somehow fails to load and parse
input.txt, or writes an incorrectly formatted output.txt, or no output.txt at
all, or OuTpUt.TxT, you will get zero points. Anything you write to stdout or
stderr will be ignored and is ok to leave in the code you submit (but it will
likely slow you down). Please test your program with the provided sample files
to avoid this.
Project description
You are a zookeeper in the reptile house. One of your rare South Pacific
Tufted Wizzo lizards (Tufticus Wizzocus) has just had several babies. Your job
is to find a place to put each baby lizard in a nursery.
However, there is a catch, the baby lizards have very long tongues. A baby
lizard can shoot out its tongue and eat any other baby lizard before you have
time to save it. As such, you want to make sure that no baby lizard can eat
another baby lizard in the nursery (burp).
For each baby lizard, you can place them in one spot on a grid. From there,
they can shoot out their tongue up, down, left, right and diagonally as well.
Their tongues are very long and can reach to the edge of the nursery from any
location.
In addition to baby lizards, your nursery may have some trees planted in it.
Your lizards cannot shoot their tongues through the trees nor can you move a
lizard into the same place as a tree. As such, a tree will block any lizard
from eating another lizard if it is in the path. Additionally, the tree will
block you from moving the lizard to that location.
You will write a program that will take an input file that has an arrangement
of trees and will output a new arrangement of lizards (and trees; as already
mentioned, you can’t move the trees) such that no baby lizard can eat another
one. You will be required to create a program that finds the solution. To find
the solution you will use the following algorithms:
- Breadth-first search (BFS)
- Depth-first search (DFS)
- Simulated annealing (SA).
Input: The file input.txt in the current directory of your program will be
formatted as follows:
First line: instruction of which algorithm to use: BFS, DFS or SA
Second line: strictly positive 32-bit integer n, the width and height of the
square nursery
Third line: strictly positive 32-bit integer p, the number of baby lizards
Next n lines: the n x n nursery, one file line per nursery row (to show you
where the trees are). It will have a 0 where there is nothing, and a 2 where
there is a tree.
So for instance, an input file arranged like figure 2B (but with no lizards
yet) and requesting you to use the DFS algorithm to place 8 lizards in the 8x8
nursery would look like:
DFS
Output: The file output.txt which your program creates in the current
directory should be formatted as follows:
First line: OK or FAIL, indicating whether a solution was found or not. If
FAIL, any following lines are ignored.
Next n lines: the n x n nursery, one line in the file per nursery row,
including the baby lizards and trees. It will have a 0 where there is nothing,
a 1 where you placed a baby lizard, and a 2 where there is a tree.
For example, a correct output.txt for the above sample input.txt (and matching
Figure 2B) is:
OK
Notes and hints: - Please name your program “homework.xxx” where ‘xxx’ is the extension for the programming language you choose (“py” for python, “cpp” for C++, and “java” for Java). If you are using C++11, then the name of your file should be “homework11.cpp” and if you are using python3 then the name of your file should be “homework3.py”.
- n (width and height of nursery) and p (number of lizards) will be 32-bit integers with values 1 or more, and they may take different values or not.
- If your output.txt does not contain exactly p lizards, that test case will fail irrespective of whether your output.txt says “OK” on the first line.
- If your output.txt is such that some lizards can eat each other, that test case will fail irrespective of whether your output.txt says “OK” on the first line.
- We recommend that you first start with the BFS and DFS implementations, and that you first focus on the simpler situation where there are no trees. You may want to consider the following questions:
- Is the problem solvable for
p>nwhen there are no trees? - Is the problem solvable for
p<=nwhen there are no trees? - In particular, what happens for low values of n?
- What is a good representation of states and operators? (see next bullet for further hint that may help you with this one).
- How about a simple strategy to get started in which an operator at depth d in the search tree places a lizard in one of the empty cells in column d+1 of the nursery (depth starts at 0 for the root, columns are numbered starting with 1 for the leftmost)? Do you think that would work when there are no trees? o How would you modify the operators when there are trees, using the definition of the problem given to you above?
- Is the problem solvable for
- For simulated annealing:
- How about starting with an initial random set of lizard locations (which does not conflict with any trees)?
- You will need to play with the temperature schedule and see what seems to work well on test cases that you create yourself.
- Likely (but no guarantee) we will create 15 DFS, 15 BFS, and 20 SA text cases.
- Your program will be killed after 5 minutes of execution on a given text case, to allow us to grade the whole class in a reasonable amount of time.
Extra credit
Among the programs that get 100% correct on all 50 test cases,
- the fastest 10% on the DFS test cases will get an extra 5% credit on this homework
- the fastest 10% on the BFS test cases will get an extra 5% credit on this homework
- the fastest 10% on the SA test cases will get an extra 5% credit on this homework
So, if you are in the top 10% speed on all 3 algorithms (and 100% correct),
there is opportunity for up to 15% extra points on this homework (score of 115
for this homework).
Example 1
For this input.txt:
BFS
one possible correct output.txt is:
FAIL
Example 2
For this input.txt:
DFS
one possible correct output.txt is:
OK
Example 3
For this input.txt (same layout of trees as in Figure 2B, but we now want to
place 9 lizards in this 8x8 nursery with 2 trees):
SA
one possible correct output.txt is:
OK
